Colombia The Panamanians won independence from Colombia (after being aided by Theodore Roosevelt). FOR THE RECORD: the map above is of "Gran Colombia", Colombia just retained Panama after the split.
Separation of Panama from Colombia - Wikipedia
History of Cuba - Nations Online Project
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Gran Colombia, History, Attractions, Map, & Facts
3 Overseas Expansion
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The Panama Canal Treaties were Carter's biggest foreign policy win
Digging Across Panama The National Endowment for the Humanities
Belize
Theodore Roosevelt and American Imperialism