As you will see below, historians agree that the first twenty Africans landed in Virginia in 1619. What is in dispute is their exact status. Were they enslaved people from the beginning of their arrival or did they have some other status? Historian Malik Simba … Read MoreThe Evolution of Slavery in Virginia, 1619 to 1661
Virginia governor stirs up new controversy: Were the first Africans brought here 'indentured servants' or slaves?
History of slavery in Virginia - Wikipedia
Why the Portuguese Restoration of 1640 Matters to the History of American Slavery
Negro womens children to serve according to the condition of the mother (1662) - Encyclopedia Virginia
The 1619 Landing — Virginia's First Africans Report & FAQs
Aug. 20, 1619: Africans in Virginia - Zinn Education Project
Legacies of slavery: a resource book for managers of sites and itineraries of memory
The One-Drop Rule and Racial Identification By Whites, Blacks
Virginia - The Transatlantic Slave Trade
400 years since slavery: a timeline of American history, Race
Creating a Common Law of Slavery for England and its New World Empire, Law and History Review
I Cannot Tell a Lie- First Africans to Arrive in Jamestown Were not Slaves, by J. W. Wright