Thematic brief: Ecosystems & ecosystem services

Ecosystems consist of plants, animal and microorganism communities (including for example, rainforests, coral reefs, agricultural land and managed forests), while ecosystem goods and services are the benefits to human society that ecosystems provide (for example, water provision and flood and storm protection). Ecosystem degradation and the impacts of climate change release the carbon that is stored in biomass and soils, and increase the risk of ecological collapse. Land-use change, predominately due to tropical deforestation and burning contributes 13 per cent of annual global emissions.

Frontiers Reviewing the Ecosystem Services, Societal Goods, and Benefits of Marine Protected Areas

Frontiers Priorities and barriers for urban ecosystem service provision: A comparison of stakeholder perspectives from three cities

PDF) Key insights for the future of urban ecosystem services research

Ecosystem Accounting System of Environmental Economic Accounting

Valuing ecosystem services: The first thematic panel of the international conference on African ecosystems

Measuring renewables' impact on biosphere integrity: A review - ScienceDirect

Essential Ecosystem Service Variables for Monitoring Progress Towards Sustainability – GEO BON

Ecosystems and ecosystem services

Supporting urban ecosystem services across terrestrial, marine and freshwater realms - ScienceDirect

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