Colombia The Panamanians won independence from Colombia (after being aided by Theodore Roosevelt). FOR THE RECORD: the map above is of "Gran Colombia", Colombia just retained Panama after the split.
Panamanian Independence & Intervention by the U.S.
Latin American Independence in the Age of Revolutions – Digital Collections for the Classroom
Happy Independence Day, Panama: What You Need to Know About the Holiday
Panama History
Gran Colombia, History, Attractions, Map, & Facts
Vintage Map of the Republic of Panama with the Canal Zone : – New World Cartographic
Gunboat Diplomacy in the United States
Unit 6: Nationalism and Imperialism - Springer's World History
Choices Program How and why did President Roosevelt intervene in Colombia in order to secure Panama's independence? - Choices Program
Sister Revolutions: American Revolutions on Two Continents (Teaching with Historic Places) (U.S. National Park Service)
Independence Movements in Latin America, Timeline & Effects - Lesson
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Happy Independence Day, Panama: What You Need to Know About the Holiday